Treatments we provide

Knee pain is a common problem that can originate in any of the bony structures compromising the knee joint (femur, tibia, fibula), the kneecap (patella), or the ligaments and cartilage (meniscus) of the knee. Knee pain can be aggravated by exercise, affected by the surrounding muscles and their movements, and be triggered by other problems (such as a foot injury).The location of the knee pain can vary depending on which structure is involved. With infection or an inflammatory process.

• Difficulty walking due to instability of the knee
• Limping due to discomfort
• Difficulty walking up or down steps due to ligament damage
• Locking of the knee (unable to bend the knee)
• Redness and swelling
• Inability to extend the knee, and
• Shifting weight to the opposite knee and foot.

Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy.The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies.When you have diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugars to build up in the blood.Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart Disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations.

• Increased frequency of urination, especially at night
• Frequently feeling thirsty
• Weakness and fatigue
• Unexplained loss of weight
• Genital itching or thrush
• Blurred vision
• Increase in healing time of cuts and wounds

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This extra genetic material causes the developmental changes and physical features of Down syndrome. Down syndrome varies in severity among individuals, causing lifelong intellectual disability and developmental delays. It’s the most common genetic chromosomal disorder and cause of learning disabilities in children. It also commonly causes other medical abnormalities, including heart and gastrointestinal disorders. The likelihood having Down syndrome is around 1 in every 700 pregnancies. It is determined by many factors, but research suggests there is a higher risk if the mother delivers at over 35 years of age.Before the age of 30 years, fewer than one in 1,000 pregnancies will be affected by Down syndrome. After the age of 40 years, this figure rises to about 12 in 1,000.

• Flattened face
• Small head
• Short neck
• Protruding tongue
• Upward slanting eye lids (palpebral fissures)
• Unusually shaped or small ears
• Poor muscle tone Broad, short hands with a single crease in the palm
• Relatively short fingers and small hands and feet
• Excessive flexibility Tiny white spots on the colored part (iris) of the eye called Brushfield’s spots
• Short height

The liver is an organ about the size of a football that sits just under your rib cage on the right side of your abdomen. The liver is essential for digesting food and ridding your body of toxic substances.Liver disease can be inherited (genetic) or caused by a variety of factors that damage the liver, such as viruses and alcohol use. Obesity is also associated with liver damage.A variety of illnesses can affect the liver, for example, certain drugs like excessive amounts of acetaminophen, and acetaminophen combination medications like Vicodin, Norco, and statins,cirrhosis,alcohol abuse,non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

• Skin and eyes that appear yellowish (jaundice)
• Abdominal pain and swelling
• Swelling in the legs and ankles
• Itchy skin
• Dark urine color
• Pale stool color, or bloody or
• Tar-colored stool
• Chronic fatigue
• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Tendency to bruise easily

Weight loss, in the context of medicine, health, or physical fitness, refers to a reduction of the total body mass, due to a mean loss of fluid, body fat or adipose tissue or lean mass, namely bone mineral deposits, muscle, tendon, and other connective tissue. Weight loss can either occur unintentionally due to malnourishment or an underlying disease or arise from a conscious effort to improve an actual or perceived overweight or obese state.

Weight gain is an increase in body weight. This can involve an increase in muscle mass, fat deposits, excess fluids such as water or other factors. Weight gain can be a symptom of a serious medical condition.

Weight Loss:

• Dementia
• Depression
• Diabetes mellitus
• Eating disorders
• Infecton
• Parkinson’s disease
• Smoking

• Fever
• Skin sensitivity
• Shortness of breath
• Difficulty breathing
• Swollen feet
• Heart palpitations
• Sweating
• Changes in vision
• Rapid weight gain

Vomiting, or throwing up, is a forceful discharge of stomach contents. It can be a one-time event linked to something that doesn’t settle right in the stomach. Recurrent vomiting may be cause by underlying medical conditions. Frequent vomiting may also lead to dehydration, which can be deadly if left untreated.Vomiting is rarely painful but never pleasant. Vomiting, also known scientifically as “emesis” and colloquially as throwing up, retching, heaving, hurling, puking, tossing, or being sick, is the forcible voluntary or involuntary emptying of stomach contents through the mouth or, less often, the nose.

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Fever
• Lightheadedness
• Vertig
• Rapid pulse
• Excessive sweating
• Dry mouth

A vitamin deficiency can cause a disease or syndrome known as an avitaminosis or hypovitaminosis. This usually refers to a long-term deficiency of a vitamin. When caused by inadequate nutrition it can be classed as a primary deficiency, and when due to an underlying disorder such as malabsorption it can be classed as a secondary deficiency. An underlying disorder may be metabolic as in a defect converting tryptophan to niacin. It can also be the result of lifestyle choices including smoking and alcohol consumption. Examples are vitamin A deficiency, folate deficiency, scurvy, vitamin D deficiency, vitamin E deficiency, and vitamin K deficiency.

• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Pale or yellowish skin
• Irregular heartbeats
• Weight loss
• Numbness or tingling in your hands and feet
• Muscle weakness
• Personality changes
• Unsteady movements
• Mental confusion or forgetfulness

Vertigo is a sense of rotation, rocking, or the world spinning, experienced even when someone is perfectly still.It can happen when there is a problem with the inner ear, brain, or sensory nerve pathway. Dizziness, or vertigo, can happen at any age, but it is common in people aged 65 years and over. Vertigo can be temporary or long-term. Persistent vertigo has been linked to mental health issues. A psychiatric problem may cause the dizziness, or vertigo may affect a person’s ability to function in daily life, potentially leading to depression or anxiety.

• Balance problems and lightheadedness
• A sense of motion sickness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Tinnitus
• A feeling of fullness in the ear
• Headache

An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the skin lining the anus, which can cause pain and/or bleeding. The pain typically is sharp and is worse with bowel movements. The most common cause is a hard, dry bowel movement. Other causes of an anal fissure include diarrhea and inflammation of the anorectal area. Anal fissures may be noticed by bright red anal bleeding on toilet paper and undergarments, or sometimes in the toilet.Fissure depth may be superficial or sometimes down to the underlying sphincter muscle. Untreated fissures develop a hood like skin tag which cover the fissure and cause discomfort, pain.

• A visible tear in the skin around your anus
• A skin tag, or small lump of skin, next to the tear
• Sharp pain in the anal area during bowel movements
• Streaks of blood on stools or on tissue paper after wiping
• Burning or itching in the anal area
• An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus
• Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses. They can form when anal abscesses do not heal properly

• Pus, serous fluid/or (rarely) feces discharge — can be bloody or purulent
• Itching
• Irritation of the skin around the anus due to persistent drainage
• Pain and swelling around the anus
• Pain with bowel movements
• Bleeding
• Fever, chills, and a general feeling of fatigue

Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of arthritis featuring chronic inflammation of the spine and the sacroiliac joints.Ankylosing spondylitis belongs to a group of arthritis conditions that tend to cause chronic inflammation of the spine.Ankylosing spondylitis affects males two to three times more commonly than females.Ankylosing spondylitis is a cause of back pain in adolescents and young adults.The tendency to develop ankylosing spondylitis is genetically inherited.Ankylosing spondylitis is also a systemic disease, meaning it can affect tissues throughout the body, not just the spine. Accordingly, it can cause inflammation in and injury to other joints away from the spine manifest as arthritis, as well as to other organs, such as the eyes, heart, lungs, and kidneys.

• Dull ache
• Numbness
• Tingling
• Sharp pain
• Pulsating pain
• Pain with movement of the spine
• Pins and needles sensation
• Muscle spasm
• Tenderness

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements.While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases,

• When cancer begins, it produces no symptoms
• Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A sore throat that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge (for example, nipple secretions or a “sore” that will not heal that oozes material)
• Thickening or lump in the breast, testicles, or elsewhere
• Indigestion (usually chronic) or difficulty swallowing
• Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart or mole
• Nagging cough or hoarseness unintentional loss of weight or loss of appetite
• Recurring infections which will not clear with usual treatment

Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Atrophy can be generalized, which means that all of the brain has shrunk; or it can be focal, affecting only a limited area of the brain and resulting in a decrease of the functions that area of the brain controls. If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum) are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired. Atrophy can affect different parts of the brain.

• Dementia is the loss of memory, learning, abstract thinking, and executive functions such as planning and organizing
• Seizures are surges of abnormal electrical activity in the brain that cause repetitive movements, convulsions, and sometimes a loss of consciousness
• Aphasias involve trouble speaking and understanding language

A muscle cramp is a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your muscles.Muscle cramps can occur in any muscle; cramps of the leg muscles and feet are particularly common.Almost everyone experiences a muscle cramp at some time in their life.Muscle cramps may occur during exercise, at rest, or at night, depending upon the exact cause. Cramps may occur in a skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle cramps may be caused by muscle fatigue or a lack of electrolytes such as low sodium, low potassium or low magnesium. Cramps of smooth muscle may be due to menstruation or gastroenteritis.

• Local pain
• Tenderness
• Firmness of the involved muscle
• This disturbs the function of the involved extremity. When a hand muscle is affected, it can lead to difficulty in writing (writer’s cramp) or grasping. When the muscles of the calf or foot are affected, it can lead to difficulty walking.

Gangrene is a term that describes dead or dying body tissues that occur because the local blood supply to the tissue is either lost or is inadequate to keep the tissue alive. Gangrene has been recognized as a localized area of tissue death since ancient times.There are two major types of gangrene, referred to as dry and wet. Many cases of dry gangrene are not infected. All cases of wet gangrene are considered to be infected, almost always by bacteria. The most common sites for both wet and dry gangrene to occur are the digits (fingers and toes) and other extremities (hands, arms, feet, and legs).

• Numbness
• Pain
• Skin breakdown
• Coolness
• A change in skin color to red or black
• Swelling and pain at the site of infection
• Change in skin color from red to brown to black
• Blisters or sores that produce a bad-smelling discharge (pus)
• Fever and feeling unwell
• A crackling noise that comes from the affected area when pressed

An ulcer is a discontinuity or break in a bodily membrane that impedes the organ of which that membrane is a part from continuing its normal functions.Stomach ulcers, which are also known as gastric ulcers, are painful sores in the stomach lining. Stomach ulcers are a type of peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcers are any ulcers that affect both the stomach and small intestines. Stomach ulcers occur when the thick layer of mucus that protects your stomach from digestive juices is reduced. This allows the digestive acids to eat away at the tissues that line the stomach, causing an ulcer. Stomach ulcers may be easily cured, but they can become severe without proper treatment.

• Dull pain in the stomach
• Weight loss
• Not wanting to eat because of pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Bloating
• Feeling easily full
• Burping or acid reflux
• Heartburn (burning sensation in the chest)
• Pain that may improve when you eat, drink, or take antacids
• Anemia (symptoms can include tiredness, shortness of breath, or paler skin)
• Dark, tarry stools
• Vomit that’s bloody or looks like coffee grounds

Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot, or a piece of the clot, that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus. Thrombosis may occur in veins (venous thrombosis) or in arteries. Venous thrombosis leads to congestion of the affected part of the body.

• Swelling in your foot, ankle, or leg, usually on one side
• Cramping pain in your affected leg that usually begins in your calf
• Severe, unexplained pain in your foot and ankle
• An area of skin that feels warmer than the skin on the surrounding areas
• Skin over the affected area turning pale or a reddish or bluish color

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being. A depressed mood is a normal temporary reaction to life events such as loss of a loved one.Melancholic depression is a form of major depressive disorder (MDD) which presents with melancholic features. Although melancholic depression used to be seen as a distinct disorder.The disorder can affect many areas of life, including work, school, and relationships. It may also impact mood and behavior as well as various physical functions, such as appetite and sleep. People with MDD often lose interest in activities they once enjoyed and have trouble getting through the day.

• Persistent feelings of extreme sadness for a long period of time
• Loss of interest in activities that were once enjoyable
• Having a lack of energy or feeling fatigued
• Feeling anxious or irritable
• Eating too much or too little
• Sleeping too much or too little
• Experiencing changes in body movement (for example, jiggling your leg when you didn’t before)
• Difficulty concentrating, making decisions, and remembering things
• Thinking or talking about death or suicide
• Suicide attempt
• Loss of pleasure in all or most daily activities
• Lack of reactivity to positive news and events
• Deep feelings of despair and worthlessness
• Sleep disruptions Significant weight loss

Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation, or erosion of the lining of the stomach. It can occur suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic).Complications may include bleeding, stomach ulcers, and stomach tumors.The two major causes of gastritis are: 1) a bacterium named Helicobacter pylori or H. pylori, 2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, there are many other causes like other infectious agents, autoimmune problems, diseases like Crohn’s disease, sarcoidosis, and isolated granulomatosis gastritis.

• Nausea or recurrent upset stomach
• Abdominal bloating
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Indigestion
• Burning or gnawing feeling in the stomach between meals or at night
• Hiccups
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting blood or coffee ground-like material
• Black, tarry stools

A genetic disorder is a genetic problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome. Most genetic disorders are quite rare and affect one person in every several thousands or millions.Genetic disorders may be hereditary, passed down from the parents’ genes. In other genetic disorders, defects may be caused by new mutations or changes to the DNA.Genes are the building blocks of heredity. They are passed from parent to child. They hold DNA, the instructions for making proteins. Proteins do most of the work in cells. They move molecules from one place to another, build structures, break down toxins, and do many other maintenance jobs.

Single Gene Disorder – When one specific gene is known to cause a disease it is known as single gene disorder. It is also called Mendelian disorder. Single gene disorders are not very common. Inheriting just one copy of the mutated gene is enough to have this disorder.Some examples of single gene disorders are sickle cell disease, muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis.

Chromosomal Abnormalities – It is a type of genetic disorder in which chromosomes or parts of the chromosomes are missing or altered. Chromosomes are the structures that bind the genes together. Chromosomal abnormalities can occur in a number of ways such as changes in the number of chromosomes, changes in the structure of chromosomes or how the chromosomes are inherited.Examples of chromosomal disorders include Down syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Williams Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, CRI-DU-CHAT Syndrome.

Multifactorial Disorders – Multifactorial disorders are also known as complex disorder because they involve mutations in multiple genes coupled with lifestyle and environmental causes. Multifactorial or polygenic inheritance involves complex traits that are determined by various genes at different loci, and the effects of those genes are cumulative. Some examples of multifactorial disorders are breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, hypothyroidism, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, asthma, gout.

• Ear abnormalities
• Unusually shaped eyes
• Different colored eyes
• Facial features that are unusual or different from other family members
• Brittle or sparse hair
• Excessive body hair
• White patches of hair
• Large or small tongue
• Misshapen teeth
• Missing or extra teeth
• Loose or stiff joints
• Unusually tall or short stature
• Webbed fingers or toes
• Excessive skin

Indigestion is a term that describes a feeling of fullness or discomfort in the upper abdomen (dyspepsia) or burning pain behind the breastbone (heartburn). Dyspepsia and heartburn may occur together or on their own. Symptoms usually appear soon after eating or drinking.ndigestion is a common problem that affects many people, but in most cases it’s mild and only occurs occasionally.ndigestion may be caused by stomach acid coming into contact with the sensitive, protective lining of the digestive system (mucosa). The stomach acid breaks down the lining, leading to irritation and inflammation, which can be painful.

• Burning in the stomach or upper abdomen
• Abdominal pain
• Bloating (full feeling)
• Belching and gas
• Nausea and vomiting
• Acidic taste
• Growling stomach

Insomnia is a sleep disorder. Individuals who suffer from insomnia find it difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep, or both. They don’t feel refreshed when they wake up from sleeping.Insomnia is typically followed by daytime sleepiness, low energy, irritability, and a depressed mood.It may result in an increased risk of motor vehicle collisions, as well as problems focusing and learning.[1] Insomnia can be short term, lasting for days or weeks, or long term, lasting more than a month.

• Difficulty falling asleep at night
• Waking during the night
• Waking earlier than desired
• Still feeling tired after a night’s sleep
• Daytime fatigue or sleepiness
• Irritability, depression, or anxiety
• Poor concentration and focus
• Being uncoordinated, an increase in errors or accidents
• Tension headaches (feels like a tight band around head)
• Difficulty socializing
• Gastrointestinal symptoms
• Worrying about sleeping

Ischaemic (or ischemic) heart disease is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart.Ischemic heart disease is a condition of recurring chest pain or discomfort that occurs when a part of the heart does not receive enough blood. This condition occurs most often during exertion or excitement, when the heart requires greater blood flow. Ischemic heart disease, also called coronary heart disease.Ischemic heart disease develops when cholesterol particles in the blood begin to accumulate on the walls of the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Eventually, deposits called plaques may form. These deposits narrow the arteries and eventually block the flow of blood. This decrease in blood flow reduces the amount of oxygen supplied to the heart muscle.

• Extreme fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting
• Chest pain and pressure, known as angina
• Heart palpitations
• Swelling in your legs and feet, known as edema
• Swelling in your abdomen
• Cough or congestion, caused by fluid in your lungs
• Difficulty sleeping
• Weight gain

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm.The pain of tennis elbow occurs primarily where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to a bony bump on the outside of your elbow. Pain can also spread into your forearm and wrist.Tennis elbow is an inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow. The forearm muscles and tendons become damaged from overuse — repeating the same motions again and again. This leads to pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow.

• Pain and weakness may make it difficult to: Shake hands or grip an object, Turn a doorknob, Hold a coffee cup

Menstrual cycles often bring about a variety of uncomfortable symptoms leading up to your period. Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) encompasses the most common issues, such as mild cramping and fatigue, but the symptoms usually go away when your period begins. other, more serious menstrual problems may also occur. Menstruation that is too heavy or too light, or the complete absence of a cycle, may suggest that there are other issues that are contributing to an abnormal menstrual cycle.A “normal” menstrual cycle means something different for every woman. A cycle that’s regular for you may be abnormal for someone else. It’s important to stay in tune with your body and to talk to your doctor if you notice any significant changes to your menstrual cycle.

• Bloating
• Irritability
• Backaches
• Headaches
• Breast soreness
• Acne
• Food cravings
• Excessive fatigue
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Feelings of stress
• Insomnia
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Mild stomach cramps

Mental Retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ under 70 in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday.There are four levels of ID: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. Sometimes ID may be classified as “other” or “unspecified.” ID involves both a low IQ and problems adjusting to everyday life. There may also be learning, speech, social, and physical disabilities.

• Ailure to meet intellectual standards
• Sitting, crawling, or walking later than other children
• Problems learning to talk or trouble speaking clearly
• Memory problems
• Inability to understand the consequences of actions
• Inability to think logically
• Childish behavior inconsistent with the child’s age
• Lack of curiosity
• Learning difficulties
• IQ below 70
• Aggression
• Dependency
• Withdrawal from social activities
• Attention-seeking behavior
• Depression during adolescent and teen years
• Lack of impulse control

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system).In MS, the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause the nerves themselves to deteriorate or become permanently damaged.The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown. It’s considered an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues. In the case of MS, this immune system malfunction destroys myelin.Myelin can be compared to the insulation coating on electrical wires. When the protective myelin is damaged and nerve fiber is exposed, the messages that travel along that nerve may be slowed or blocked.

• Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs that typically occurs on one side of your body at a time, or the legs and trunk
• Partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, often with pain during eye movement
• Prolonged double vision
• Tingling or pain in parts of your body
• Electric-shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, especially bending the neck forward (Lhermitte sign)
• Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait
• Slurred speech
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Problems with bowel and bladder function

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of muscle diseases that results in increasing weakening and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time. In muscular dystrophy, abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins needed to form healthy muscle.There are nine main categories of muscular dystrophy that contain more than thirty specific types. The most common type is Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) which typically affects males beginning around the age of four. Muscular dystrophy is caused by genetic mutations that interfere with the production of muscle proteins that are needed to build and maintain healthy muscles. The causes are genetic. A family history of muscular dystrophy will increase the chance of it affecting an individual.

• A waddling gait
• Pain and stiffness in the muscles
• Difficulty with running and jumping
• Walking on toes
• Difficulty sitting up or standing
• Learning disabilities, such as developing speech later than usual
• Frequent falls
• Nability to walk
• A shortening of muscles and tendons, further limiting movement
• Breathing problems can become so severe that assisted breathing is necessary
• Curvature of the spine can be caused if muscles are not strong enough to support its structure
• The muscles of the heart can be weakened, leading to cardiac problems
• Difficulty swallowing, with a risk of aspiration pneumonia

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic (long-lasting) joint condition. A joint is where two bones come together. The ends of these bones are covered with protective tissue called cartilage. With OA, this cartilage breaks down, causing the bones within the joint to rub together.OA occurs most often in older people, although it can occur in adults of any age. OA is also called degenerative joint disease, degenerative arthritis, and wear-and-tear arthritis. Osteoarthritis can be caused by aging, heredity, and injury from trauma or disease.OA is caused by joint damage. This damage can accumulate over time, which is why age is one of the main causes of the joint damage leading to osteoarthritis. The older you are, the more wear and tear you’ve had on your joints.

• Pain
• Redness
• Weakness
• Stiffness
• Inflammation
• Trouble moving your fingers
• Reduced range of motion
• Tenderness (discomfort when pressing on the area with your fingers)

Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia.Paralysis is most often caused by damage in the nervous system, especially the spinal cord.

• Paralysis is the loss of muscle function in part of your body. It happens when something goes wrong with the way messages pass between your brain and muscles. Paralysis can be complete or partial. It can occur on one or both sides of your body. It can also occur in just one area, or it can be widespread. Paralysis of the lower half of your body, including both legs, is called paraplegia. Paralysis of the arms and legs is quadriplegia.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neuro degenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra. Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But while a tremor may be the most well-known sign of Parkinson’s disease, the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement.

• Tremor
• Slowed movement
• Rigid muscles
• Impaired posture and balance
• Loss of automatic movements
• Speech changes
• Writing changes

Piles (haemorrhoids) are swellings that develop inside and around the back passage (anal canal). There is a network of small veins (blood vessels) within the lining of the anal canal. These veins sometimes become wider and engorged with more blood than usual. The engorged veins and the overlying tissue may then form into one or more swellings (piles).Piles are collections of tissue and vein that become inflamed and swollen.The size of piles can vary, and they are found inside or outside the anus.Piles occur due to chronic constipation, chronic diarrhea, lifting heavy weights, pregnancy, or straining when passing a stool.

• Infection
• A hard, possibly painful lump may be felt around the anus. It may contain coagulated blood. Piles that contain blood are called thrombosed external hemorrhoids
• After passing a stool, a person with piles may experience the feeling that the bowels are still full
• Bright red blood is visible after a bowel movement
• The area around the anus is itchy, red, and sore
• Pain occurs during the passing of a stool
• Excessive anal bleeding, also possibly leading to anemia

Sciatica is nerve pain from irritation of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. The sciatic nerve begins from nerve roots in the spinal cord in the low back and extends through the buttock area to send nerve endings down the lower limb.Sciatica pain is typically felt from the low back to behind the thigh and radiating down below the knee.Sciatica most commonly occurs when a herniated disk, bone spur on the spine or narrowing of the spine (spinal stenosis) compresses part of the nerve. This causes inflammation, pain and often some numbness in the affected leg.

• Lower back pain
• Pain in the rear or leg that is worse when sitting
• Hip pain
• Burning or tingling down the leg
• Weakness, numbness, or difficulty moving the leg or foot
• A constant pain on one side of the rear
• A shooting pain that makes it difficult to stand up